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Historic Sand Rock Farm Bed & Breakfast in Aptos California, built in the 1880's, is one of the original family wineries in the Monterey Bay Area. There's a wine cellar on the grounds, 40'x60', where the aging roof had been removed and used as part of the  Sand Rock Farm wedding facilities.  It was a great place to have my daughter's wedding this past weekend. My wife, my daughter Sabrina, her new husband Dardy, his best man Alex and my son Erik dancing the night away in the wine cellar.  However, I'm concerned about it remaining historic over the coming years. The current owner bought   Sand Rock Farm in 1999 when it was in despair. She rejuvenated the property into a Bed & Breakfast and wedding facility. Sand Rock Farm will have a new owner in the next couple of months and hopefully they will restore the original buildings roof and eave rake crown moulding detail, so it remains historic. Rather than remove the eave and rake crown moulding and replace i

Trigonometry comes from the Greek trigōnon ("triangle") and metron ("measurement"). Geometry comes from the Greek geo ("earth") and metron ("measurement").  The Greek mathematicians Euclid and Archimedes in the 3rd century BC were the first to prove trigonometric formulas geometrically. You can find the values of sine, cosine and tangent functions, by using a unit circle with a radius = 1. This article will explain how to develop  Hip -Valley Rafter Roof Ratios using   Trigonometric Formulas geometrically drawn using Tetrahedrons or  Trirectangular Tetrahedrons  for the  Trigonometric Ratios we use in roof framing. The tetrahedron unfolded is the same as the roof framing kernel.  The t rirectangular  tetrahedron unfolded is a tetrahedron slice from a compound joint.  The "Unit Circle" is a circle with a radius of 1. For a triangle with an angle θ, the trigonometric ratios functions are calculated this way: Sine Function: sin( θ ) = Op

Purlin Rafters, Roof Sheathing or Dormer Square Tail Fascia Layover Cuts (Cutting Roof Sheathing with an Edge Bevel) I was asked to elaborate on roof framing layover cuts. Using the same valley sleeper angle to cut the valley sleeper bevel angle and the layover roof sheathing seems wrong, but it is correct. Always make some type of test model while you're studying roof framing angles. Layover cut with an irregular valley. 6:12 & 8:12 roof pitches. Layover cut with an regular valley. 8:12 roof pitch.  Trirectangular Tetrahedron example for irregular hip roof layover cuts. C5m Main Hip Rafter Backing Angle = 26.34404 C5a Adjacent Hip Rafter Backing Angle = 15.56481 P2m = Main Jack Rafter Side Cut Angle = 47.96889 90° - P2m = Main Roof Sheathing Angle = 42.03111 P2a = Adjacent Jack Rafter Side Cut Angle = 33.85451 90° - P2a = Adjacent Roof Sheathing Angle = 56.14549 Bevel Angle = arctan(tan(C5m + C5a) × sin(90° - P2a)) Bevel Angle = arctan(tan(26.34404 + 15.56481) × sin(90° - 33.8

Here's some pictures of the buildings I visited on August 31 2014. 7 days after the 6.0 Earthquake in Napa California. The structural damage I viewed suggested that it was a unreinforced masonry - brick tension tie failure, or lack of tension ties. Unreinforced masonry was banned in California in 1930, due to its vulnerability during earthquakes. Downtown Napa is open for business and the earthquake damage is a new tourist attraction. Walking around Napa, it looks like there's only about 1% of the buildings in Napa there were damaged by the earthquake. The Historic Napa Mill and RiverFront Inn looked like it had no exterior damage to the 3 story building. Extreme Danger Stay Back 100 Feet This National Disaster Team didn't read the Extreme Danger sign.  So, what is in those two trucks? Or are they there just for advertising? I was in this building 6 years ago. I remember seeing the tension ties running thru the building. The main damage to this building was the front of t